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a system of small and large, informal and formal meetings handled by the chairperson, who is at the centre. The outer “circle” is the formal meeting of the full membership, where decisions are taken and statements are recorded in official minutes or notes. Inside, the circles represent informal meetings of the full membership or smaller groups of members, down to bilateral consultations with the chair. Members accept the process so long as they all have input and information is shared.
Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.
Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements.
The WTO Committee on Trade and Development.
The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.
Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.
A provision allowing producers in one country to source parts and inputs from other countries without losing the originating status of that input. Under cumulation, foreign parts and inputs are not considered as imported (non-originating) for purposes of "substantial transformation" requirements.
Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the European Union).